Vitenskap

Her finner du viktige studier og vitenskapelige debatter innenfor transtematikken. Noen av studiene blir sitert en del, men har store svakheter. Se etter “Analyse av artikkelen” for merknader.

Dette er et pågående prosjekt, og vi setter pris på tilbakemeldinger og tips om nye studier innenfor dette feltet. Send epost.

  • Artikler om akutt pubertal kjønnsdysfori, og om dysfori som oppstår i barndommen.

    Akutt pubertal kjønnsdysfori

    Ocasio, M. A., Fernandez, M. I., Ward, D. H. S., Lightfoot, M., Swendeman, D., & Harper, G. W. (2024). Fluidity in Reporting Gender Identity Labels in a Sample of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents and Young Adults, Los Angeles, California, and New Orleans, Louisiana, 2017-2019. Public Health Reports Til tidsskriftet

    Sapir, L., Littman, L., & Biggs, M. (2023). The U.S. Transgender Survey of 2015 Supports Rapid-Onset Gender Dysphoria: Revisiting the “Age of Realization and Disclosure of Gender Identity Among Transgender Adults.” Archives of Sexual Behavior Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Bailey, M., & Diaz, S. (2023). Rapid-Onset Gender Dysphoria: Parent Reports on 1,655 Possible Cases. Journal of Open Inquiry in the Behavioral Sciences Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Kulatunga-Moruzi, C. (2023). Research and Analyses by Turban et al. Fail to Refute Rapid-Onset Gender Dysphoria. Journal of Adolescent Health, 73(6), 1162 Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Sinai, J. (2022). Rapid onset gender dysphoria as a distinct clinical phenomenon. The Journal of Pediatrics Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Littman, L. (2022). Saying that Bauer et al studied rapid onset gender dysphoria is inaccurate and misleading. The Journal of Pediatrics Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Dysfori som oppstår i barndommen

    Littman, L. (2021). Individuals Treated for Gender Dysphoria with Medical and/or Surgical Transition Who Subsequently Detransitioned: A Survey of 100 Detransitioners. Archives of Sexual Behavior Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang) Analyse av artikkelen

    Singh, D., Bradley, S. J., & Zucker, K. J. (2021). A Follow-Up Study of Boys With Gender Identity Disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12 Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Zucker, K. J. (2018). The myth of persistence: Response to “A critical commentary on follow-up studies and ‘desistance’ theories about transgender and gender non-conforming children” by Temple Newhook et al. (2018). International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 231–245 Til tidsskriftet

    Ristori, J., & Steensma, T. D. (2016). Gender dysphoria in childhood. International Review of Psychiatry, 28(1), 13–20 Til tidsskriftet

    Steensma, T. D., McGuire, J. K., Kreukels, B. P. C., Beekman, A. J., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2013). Factors Associated With Desistence and Persistence of Childhood Gender Dysphoria: A Quantitative Follow-Up Study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(6), 582–590 Til tidsskriftet

  • Jorgensen, S.C.J., Athéa, N. & Masson, C. (2024) Puberty Suppression for Pediatric Gender Dysphoria and the Child’s Right to an Open Future. Arch Sex Behav Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Baxendale, S. (2024). The impact of suppressing puberty on neuropsychological function: A review. Acta Paediatrica Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Ocasio, M. A., Fernandez, M. I., Ward, D. H. S., Lightfoot, M., Swendeman, D., & Harper, G. W. (2024). Fluidity in Reporting Gender Identity Labels in a Sample of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents and Young Adults, Los Angeles, California, and New Orleans, Louisiana, 2017-2019. Public Health Reports Til tidsskriftet

    Morssinkhof, M. W. L., Wiepjes, C. M., Van Den Heuvel, O. A., Kreukels, B. P. C., Van Der Tuuk, K., T’Sjoen, G., Den Heijer, M., & Broekman, B. F. P. (2024). Changes in depression symptom profile with gender-affirming hormone use in transgender persons. Journal of Affective Disorders, 348, 323–332. Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Ruuska, S.-M., Tuisku, K., Holttinen, T., & Kaltiala, R. (2024). All-cause and suicide mortalities among adolescents and young adults who contacted specialised gender identity services in Finland in 1996–2019: a register study. BMJ Mental Health, 27(1) Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Nadrowski, K. (2023). A New Flight from Womanhood? The Importance of Working Through Experiences Related to Exposure to Pornographic Content in Girls Affected by Gender Dysphoria. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 1–10. Til tidsskriftet

  • Artikler om beinskjørhet, hjerte- og karsykdommer, hormonrelaterte komplikasjoner, fertilitet og andre biomediske risikoer:

    Beinskjørhet

    van der Loos, M. A. T. C., Vlot, M. C., Klink, D. T., Hannema, S. E., Den Heijer, M., & Wiepjes, C. M. (2023). Bone Mineral Density in Transgender Adolescents Treated With Puberty Suppression and Subsequent Gender-Affirming Hormones. JAMA Pediatrics, 177(12), 1332. Til tidsskriftet

    Boogers, L. S., Van Der Loos, M. A. T. C., Wiepjes, C. M., Van Trotsenburg, A. S. P., Den Heijer, M., & Hannema, S. E. (2023). The dose-dependent effect of estrogen on bone mineral density in trans girls. European Journal of Endocrinology Til tidsskriftet

    Ciancia, S., Dubois, V., & Cools, M. (2022). Impact of gender-affirming treatment on bone health in transgender and gender diverse youth. Endocrine Connections, 11(11) Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Nasomyont, N., Meisman, A. R., Ecklund, K., Vajapeyam, S., Cecil, K. M., Tkach, J. A., Altaye, M., Corathers, S. D., Conard, L. A., Kalkwarf, H. J., Dolan, L. M., & Gordon, C. M. (2022). Changes in Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue in Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Youth Undergoing Pubertal Suppression: A Pilot Study. Journal of Clinical Densitometry, 25(4), 485–489. Til tidsskriftet

    Biggs, M. (2021). Revisiting the effect of GnRH analogue treatment on bone mineral density in young adolescents with gender dysphoria. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism: JPEM, 34(7), 937–939. Til artikkelen (åpen tilgang) Analyse av artikkelen

    Hjerte- og karsykdommer

    Moreira Allgayer, R. M. C., Borba, G. D. S., Moraes, R. S., Ramos, R. B., & Spritzer, P. M. (2023). The Effect of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on the Risk of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in the Transgender Population: A Systematic Review. Endocrine Practice, 29(6), 498–507. Til tidsskriftet

    Nokoff, N. J., Scarbro, S. L., Moreau, K. L., Zeitler, P., Nadeau, K. J., Reirden, D., Juarez-Colunga, E., & Kelsey, M. M. (2021). Body Composition and Markers of Cardiometabolic Health in Transgender Youth on Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists. Transgender Health, 6(2), 111–119. Til tidsskriftet

    Nota, N. M., Wiepjes, C. M., de Blok, C. J. M., Gooren, L. J. G., Kreukels, B. P. C., & den Heijer, M. (2019). Occurrence of Acute Cardiovascular Events in Transgender Individuals Receiving Hormone Therapy: Results From a Large Cohort Study. Circulation, 139(11), 1461–1462. Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Alzahrani, T., Nguyen, T., Ryan, A., Dwairy, A., McCaffrey, J., Yunus, R., Forgione, J., Krepp, J., Nagy, C., Mazhari, R., & Reiner, J. (2019). Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Myocardial Infarction in the Transgender Population. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 12(4). Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Getahun, D., Nash, R., Flanders, W. D., Baird, T. C., Becerra-Culqui, T. A., Cromwell, L., Hunkeler, E., Lash, T. L., Millman, A., Quinn, V. P., Robinson, B., Roblin, D., Silverberg, M. J., Safer, J., Slovis, J., Tangpricha, V., & Goodman, M. (2018). Cross-sex Hormones and Acute Cardiovascular Events in Transgender Persons. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(4), 205–213. Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Hormonrelaterte komplikasjoner

    da Silva LMB, Freire SND, Moretti E, Barbosa L. (2024) Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Transgender Men on Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. Int Urogynecol J. Til tidsskriftet

    Islam, N., Nash, R., Zhang, Q., Panagiotakopoulos, L., Daley, T., Bhasin, S., Getahun, D., Haw, J. S., McCracken, C., Silverberg, M. J., Tangpricha, V., Vupputuri, S., & Goodman, M. (2021). Is There a Link Between Hormone Use and Diabetes Incidence in Transgender People? Data from the STRONG Cohort. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. Til tidsskriftet

    Nokoff, N. J., Scarbro, S. L., Moreau, K. L., Zeitler, P., Nadeau, K. J., Reirden, D., Juarez-Colunga, E., & Kelsey, M. M. (2021). Body Composition and Markers of Cardiometabolic Health in Transgender Youth on Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists. Transgender Health, 6(2), 111–119. Til tidsskriftet

    Shadid, S., Abosi-Appeadu, K., De Maertelaere, A.-S., Defreyne, J., Veldeman, L., Holst, J. J., Lapauw, B., Vilsbøll, T., & T’Sjoen, G. (2020). Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Insulin Sensitivity and Incretin Responses in Transgender People. Diabetes Care, 43(2), 411–417. Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Fertilitet

    Bailie, E., Maidarti, M., Hawthorn, R., Jack, S., Watson, N., Telfer, E. E., & Anderson, R. A. (2023). The ovaries of transgender men indicate effects of high dose testosterone on the primordial and early growing follicle pool. Reproduction and Fertility, 4(2) Til tidsskriftet

    Stolk, T. H. R., Asseler, J. D., Huirne, J. A. F., van den Boogaard, E., & van Mello, N. M. (2023). Desire for children and fertility preservation in transgender and gender-diverse people: A systematic review. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 87 Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Mayhew, A. C., & Gomez-Lobo, V. (2020). Fertility Options for the Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Patient. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 105(10) Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Pang, K. C., Peri, A. J. S., Chung, H. E., Telfer, M., Elder, C. V., Grover, S., & Jayasinghe, Y. (2020). Rates of Fertility Preservation Use Among Transgender Adolescents. JAMA Pediatrics, 174(9), 890 Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Dulohery, K., Trottmann, M., Bour, S., Liedl, B., Alba‐Alejandre, I., Reese, S., Hughes, B., Stief, C. G., & Kölle, S. (2020). How do elevated levels of testosterone affect the function of the human fallopian tube and fertility?—New insights. Molecular Reproduction and Development, 87(1), 30–44 Til tidsskriftet

    Andre mediske risikoer

    Wilde, B., Diamond, J. B., Laborda, T. J., Frank, L., O’Gorman, M. A., & Kocolas, I. (2024). Bicalutamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity in a Transgender Male-to-Female Adolescent. Journal of Adolescent Health, 74(1), 202–204 Til tidsskriftet

    Meece, M. S., Weber, L. E., Hernandez, A. E., Danker, S. J., & Paluvoi, N. V. (2023). Major complications of sigmoid vaginoplasty: a case series. Journal of Surgical Case Reports, 2023(6), rjad333 Til tidsskriftet

    Tordoff, D. M., Lunn, M. R., Chen, B., Flentje, A., Dastur, Z., Lubensky, M. E., Capriotti, M., & Obedin-Maliver, J. (2023). Testosterone use and sexual function among transgender men and gender diverse people assigned female at birth. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 229(6) Til tidsskriftet

    Barger, B. T., Pakvasa, M., Lem, M., Ramamurthi, A., Lalezari, S., & Tang, C. (2023). Non-typhoidal Salmonella soft-tissue infection after gender affirming subcutaneous mastectomy case report. Case Reports in Plastic Surgery & Hand Surgery, 10(1) Til tidsskriftet

    Millington, K., Barrera, E., Daga, A., Mann, N., Olson-Kennedy, J., Garofalo, R., Rosenthal, S. M., & Chan, Y.-M. (2022). The effect of gender-affirming hormone treatment on serum creatinine in transgender and gender-diverse youth: implications for estimating GFR. Pediatric Nephrology, 37(9), 2141–2150 Til tidsskriftet

  • Littman, L., O’Malley, S., Kerschner, H., & Bailey, J. M. (2023). Detransition and Desistance Among Previously Trans-Identified Young Adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior. Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    MacKinnon, K. R., Kia, H., Gould, W. A., Ross, L. E., Abramovich, A., Enxuga, G., & Lam, J. S. H. (2023). A typology of pathways to detransition: Considerations for care practice with transgender and gender diverse people who stop or reverse their gender transition. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity Til tidsskriftet

    MacKinnon, K. R., Gould, W. A., Enxuga, G., Kia, H., Abramovich, A., Lam, J. S. H., & Ross, L. E. (2023). Exploring the gender care experiences and perspectives of individuals who discontinued their transition or detransitioned in Canada. PLOS ONE, 18(11) Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Jorgensen, S. C. J. (2023). Transition Regret and Detransition: Meanings and Uncertainties. Archives of Sexual Behavior Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Gribble, K. D., Bewley, S., & Dahlen, H. G. (2023). Breastfeeding grief after chest masculinisation mastectomy and detransition: A case report with lessons about unanticipated harm. Frontiers in Global Women’s Health, 4 Til tidsskriftet

    Irwig, M. S. (2022). Detransition among transgender and gender diverse people – an increasing and increasingly complex phenomenon. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Roberts, C. M., Klein, D. A., Adirim, T. A., Schvey, N. A., & Hisle-Gorman, E. (2022). Continuation of Gender-affirming Hormones Among Transgender Adolescents and Adults. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Zucker, K. J. (2018). The myth of persistence: Response to “A critical commentary on follow-up studies and ‘desistance’ theories about transgender and gender non-conforming children” by Temple Newhook et al. (2018). International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 231–245 Til tidsskriftet

    D’Angelo, R. (2018). Psychiatry’s ethical involvement in gender-affirming care. Australasian Psychiatry, 26(5), 460–463 Til tidsskriftet Analyse av artikkelen

    Wiepjes, C. M., Nota, N. M., de Blok, C. J. M., Klaver, M., de Vries, A. L. C., Wensing-Kruger, S. A., de Jongh, R. T., Bouman, M.-B., Steensma, T. D., Cohen-Kettenis, P., Gooren, L. J. G., Kreukels, B. P. C., & den Heijer, M. (2018). The Amsterdam Cohort of Gender Dysphoria Study (1972–2015): Trends in Prevalence, Treatment, and Regrets. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(4), 582–590 Til tidsskriftet

    Dhejne, C., Öberg, K., Arver, S., & Landén, M. (2014). An Analysis of All Applications for Sex Reassignment Surgery in Sweden, 1960–2010: Prevalence, Incidence, and Regrets. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(8), 1535–1545 Til tidsskriftet

    Steensma, T. D., McGuire, J. K., Kreukels, B. P. C., Beekman, A. J., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2013). Factors Associated With Desistence and Persistence of Childhood Gender Dysphoria: A Quantitative Follow-Up Study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(6), 582–590 Til tidsskriftet

  • Eldre studier

    Hakeem, A. (2012). Psychotherapy for gender identity disorders. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 18(1), 17–24 Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L. (2002). Gender Identity Disorder in Young Boys: A Parent- and Peer-Based Treatment Protocol. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(3), 360–376 Til tidsskriftet

    Cohen-Kettenis, P., & Kuiper, B. (1984). Transexuality and psychotherapy. Tijdschrift Voor Psychotherapie. Til tidsskriftet

    Lothstein, L. M., & Levine, S. B. (1981). Expressive Psychotherapy With Gender Dysphoric Patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38(8), 924 Til tidsskriftet

    Levine, S. B., & Lothstein, L. (1981). Transsexualism or the Gender Dysphoria Syndromes. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 7(2), 85–113 Til tidsskriftet

    Nyere caser

    Evans, M. (2022). ‘If only I were a boy …’: Psychotherapeutic Explorations of Transgender in Children and Adolescents. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 38(2), 269–285 Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    Schwartz, D. (2021). Clinical and Ethical Considerations in the Treatment of Gender Dysphoric Children and Adolescents: When Doing Less Is Helping More. Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy, 1–11 Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    D’Angelo, R., Syrulnik, E., Ayad, S., Marchiano, L., Kenny, D. T., & Clarke, P. (2020). One Size Does Not Fit All: In Support of Psychotherapy for Gender Dysphoria. Archives of Sexual Behavior Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    D’Angelo, R. (2020). The man I am trying to be is not me. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 101(5), 951–970 Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang)

    D’Angelo, R. (2020). The complexity of childhood gender dysphoria. Australasian Psychiatry, 28(5), 530–532 Til tidsskriftet

  • Skeptisk til sosial transisjon

    Morandini, J. S., Kelly, A., De Graaf, N. M., Malouf, P., Guerin, E., Dar-Nimrod, I., & Carmichael, P. (2023). Is Social Gender Transition Associated with Mental Health Status in Children and Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 52(3), 1045–1060 Til tidsskriftet

    Sievert, E. D., Schweizer, K., Barkmann, C., Fahrenkrug, S., & Becker-Hebly, I. (2020). Not social transition status, but peer relations and family functioning predict psychological functioning in a German clinical sample of children with Gender Dysphoria. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang) Analyse av artikkelen

    Zucker, K. J. (2020). Debate: Different strokes for different folks. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 25(1), 36–37 Til tidsskriftet

    Wong, W. I., van der Miesen, A. I. R., Li, T. G. F., MacMullin, L. N., & VanderLaan, D. P. (2019). Childhood social gender transition and psychosocial well-being: A comparison to cisgender gender-variant children. Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology, 7(3), 241–253 Til tidsskriftet Analyse av artikkelen

    Steensma, T. D., McGuire, J. K., Kreukels, B. P. C., Beekman, A. J., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2013). Factors Associated With Desistence and Persistence of Childhood Gender Dysphoria: A Quantitative Follow-Up Study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(6), 582–590 Til tidsskriftet

    Positive til sosial transisjon

    Olson, K. R., Durwood, L., Horton, R., Gallagher, N. M., & Devor, A. (2022). Gender Identity 5 Years After Social Transition. Pediatrics Les artikkelen (åpen tilgang) Analyse av artikkelen

    Pollitt, A. M., Ioverno, S., Russell, S. T., Li, G., & Grossman, A. H. (2019). Predictors and Mental Health Benefits of Chosen Name Use Among Transgender Youth. Youth & Society, 53(2), 320–341 Til tidsskriftet

    Russell, S. T., Pollitt, A. M., Li, G., & Grossman, A. H. (2018). Chosen Name Use Is Linked to Reduced Depressive Symptoms, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicidal Behavior Among Transgender Youth. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 63(4), 503–505 Til tidsskriftet Analyse av artikkelen

    Durwood, L., McLaughlin, K. A., & Olson, K. R. (2017). Mental Health and Self-Worth in Socially Transitioned Transgender Youth. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(2), 116-123.e2 Til tidsskriftet Analyse av artikkelen

    Olson, K. R., Durwood, L., DeMeules, M., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2016). Mental Health of Transgender Children Who Are Supported in Their Identities. Pediatrics, 137(3) Til tidsskriftet Analyse av artikkelen

  • Gribble, K. D., Bewley, S., Bartick, M. C., Mathisen, R., Walker, S., Gamble, J., Bergman, N. J., Gupta, A., Hocking, J. J., & Dahlen, H. G. (2022). Effective Communication About Pregnancy, Birth, Lactation, Breastfeeding and Newborn Care: The Importance of Sexed Language. Frontiers in Global Women’s Health, 3 Til tidsskriftet

    Bhargava, A., Arnold, A. P., Bangasser, D. A., Denton, K. M., Gupta, A., Hilliard Krause, L. M., Mayer, E. A., McCarthy, M., Miller, W. L., Raznahan, A., & Verma, R. (2021). Considering Sex as a Biological Variable in Basic and Clinical Studies: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. Endocrine Reviews Til tidsskriftet

    Lee, P. A., Nordenström, A., Houk, C. P., Ahmed, S. F., Auchus, R., Baratz, A., Baratz Dalke, K., Liao, L.-M., Lin-Su, K., Looijenga 3rd, L. H. J., Mazur, T., Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L., Mouriquand, P., Quigley, C. A., Sandberg, D. E., Vilain, E., Witchel, S., & and the Global DSD Update Consortium. (2016). Global Disorders of Sex Development Update since 2006: Perceptions, Approach and Care. Hormone Research in Paediatrics, 85(3), 158–180 Til tidsskriftet

    Lee, P. A., Houk, C. P., Ahmed, S. F., Hughes, I. A., & in collaboration with the participants in the International Consensus Conference on Intersex organized by the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology. (2006). Consensus Statement on Management of Intersex Disorders. PEDIATRICS, 118(2), e488–e500 Til tidsskriftet

Dette er ikke en uttømmende liste av studier på feltet. GENID har tatt utgangspunkt i publikasjoner selektert av organisasjonen SEGM, samt deres nyttige analyser av flere av studiene. På SEGMs sider kan deres engelskspråklige oversikt også utvides til flere studier.

Den mest grundige kunnskapsoppsummeringen, gradert etter metodekvalitet, ble ledet av pediatrispesialisten Dr. Hilary Cass på oppdrag av de britiske nasjonale helsetjenestene. Sluttrapporten fra 2024 finner du her. Systematiske analyser av tilgjengelig forskning som underbygger Cass-rapporten er tilgjengelige her.